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<P LANG="en-US" ALIGN=CENTER STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.05cm; font-style: normal">
<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=5><B>The ScalaLab environment</B></FONT></FONT></P>
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<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4>ScalaLab builds upon the
technology stack developed over many years for the Java Virtual
Machine. It exploits the superb potential of the <B>Scala</B>
<B>programming language</B> <SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium">in
developing high-level flexible syntactic extensions that can be
effectively executed with the </SPAN><B>Scala Interpreter. </B><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium">Also,
</SPAN><B>all</B> <SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium">the Java
scientific libraries are available and can be called either from
Scala or from Java.</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
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</P>
<P LANG="en-US" ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.05cm; font-style: normal">
<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=5 STYLE="font-size: 20pt"><B>I.
ScalaLab Modes</B></FONT></FONT></P>
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<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4>ScalaLab can be run with two
interfaces:</FONT></FONT></P>
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</P>
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<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4><B>a. The Graphical User
Interface. </B><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium">A Matlab-like user
friendly interface that is started as the default with the command:</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
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</P>
<P LANG="en-US" ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.05cm"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4><I><B>java
-Xss20m -Xms200m -Xmx1000m -jar scalalab.jar</B></I></FONT></FONT></P>
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</P>
<P LANG="en-US" ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.05cm; font-style: normal">
<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4><B>b. A Scala Console interface.
</B><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium">In this mode ScalaLab is
executed as an extension to the official Scala distribution. The
standard Scala console is used, the difference is that all the
ScalaLab syntax extensions for scientific computing and the ScalaLab
libraries are available. Also, the basic imports for these libraries
are performed automatically. A separate installation of the Scala
language system is not required since the Scala language libraries
are included within the ScalaLab download.</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P LANG="en-US" ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.05cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: medium">
<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4>In conclusion this mode acts as a
customization of the Scala language for scientific computing, i.e. as
a &ldquo;Scientific&rdquo; Scala. The command to activate this mode
is:</FONT></FONT></P>
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</P>
<P LANG="en-US" ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.05cm"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4><I><B>java
-Xss20m -Xms200m -Xmx1000m -jar scalalab.jar scala</B></I></FONT></FONT></P>
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<P LANG="en-US" ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.05cm; font-style: normal">
<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=5 STYLE="font-size: 20pt"><B>II.
ScalaLab Architecture</B></FONT></FONT></P>
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<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4>The main components of that
technology are:</FONT></FONT></P>
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<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4><B>a. The Just-In-Time (JIT) Java
Compiler</B></FONT></FONT></P>
<P LANG="en-US" ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.05cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: medium">
<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4>Although transparent to the user
this component is perhaps the most important. Advances in
Just-In-Time compilation, allow bytecodes today to execute with
speeds that exceed even that of natively compiled code. This fact is
critical in the area of numerical code that involves a lot of number
crunching.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P LANG="en-US" ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.05cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: medium">
<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4>With ScalaLab both the <I>HotSpot
Client and Server JVM</I> <SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal">(developed
at Sun, now supported by Oracle) and the Oracle's </SPAN><I>JRockit
JVM </I><SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal">have been tested and operate
well. The differences are only at the speed of computationa;
operations. Although which JVM is faster depends on the type of the
computation, generally the JRockit Oracle's JVM tends to be the
fastest, followed by HotSpot's Server and with the HotSpot Client JVM
to be the less efficient. </SPAN></FONT></FONT>
</P>
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<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4><B>b. The Java Compiler</B></FONT></FONT></P>
<P LANG="en-US" ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.05cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: medium">
<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4>ScalaLab integrates the Java 6
compiler within its executable. Thus, the user can eaasily compile
and run Java classes, avoiding the inconviency of installing and
handling an external Java compiler.</FONT></FONT></P>
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<P LANG="en-US" ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.05cm; font-style: normal">
<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4><B>c. The Scala Compiler and Run
Time Libraries</B></FONT></FONT></P>
<P LANG="en-US" ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.05cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: medium">
<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4>ScalaLab integrates a recent
version of the whole Scala system. Thus, a seperate installation of
Scala is unecessary.</FONT></FONT></P>
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</P>
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	<LI><P LANG="en-US" ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.05cm; font-style: normal">
	<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4><B>The Scala interpreter</B></FONT></FONT></P>
	<P LANG="en-US" ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.05cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: medium">
	<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4>This component is the core of
	ScalaLab and the one that implements the Matlab-like sense of the
	system. It is an advanced interpreter that explores well the
	internals of the Java Virtual Machine in order to maintain state
	between successive script executions.</FONT></FONT></P>
</OL>
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<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4><B>e. The integrated Java
Libraries</B></FONT></FONT></P>
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<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4>Java Libraries for ting and for
the most important numerical tasks have been integrated with ScalaLab
and are directly available to the user. </FONT></FONT>
</P>
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</P>
<P LANG="en-US" ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.05cm; font-style: normal">
<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4><B>f. External class libraries</B></FONT></FONT></P>
<P LANG="en-US" ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.05cm; font-style: normal">
<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium">Since
ScalaLab runs upon the Java Virtual Machine any class file can be
executed as long as it is placed on the ScalaLab classpath. ScalaLab
keeps an adaptable environment variable </SPAN><I><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium">ScalaSciClassPath</SPAN></I>
<SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium">for implementing the notion of
classpath.</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P LANG="en-US" ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.05cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: medium">
<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4>However, special support is
offered for conveniently loading .jar files that pack Java libraries,
since it is especially important to utilize effectively toolboxes of
Java code.</FONT></FONT></P>
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<P LANG="en-US" ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.05cm; font-style: normal">
<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4><B>g. Application Level Wizards</B></FONT></FONT></P>
<P LANG="en-US" ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.05cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: medium">
<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4>These tools greatly facilitate the
development of specialized applications. We will present an example
of solving Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) with ScalaLab,
where the wizards are particularly useful.</FONT></FONT></P>
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</P>
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<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4>The user interface of the ScalaLab
environment consists of the following components:</FONT></FONT></P>
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<P LANG="en-US" ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.05cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: medium">
<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4>a. The <I>ScalaLab console</I>
that receives commands and scripts from the user. Control commands
are executed directly while scripts are issued to the Scala
interpreter for execution. A popup menu also displays useful options,
such as resetting the Scala interpreter or switching between
interpreters that use different Java scientific libraries. The user
can copy and paste code at the Console window and this code is
executed. </FONT></FONT>
</P>
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</P>
<P LANG="en-US" ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.05cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: medium">
<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4>b. The <I>history window </I>that
keeps a history of the successfully issued commands allowing the
direct re-execution of a command by simply selecting it.</FONT></FONT></P>
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</P>
<P LANG="en-US" ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.05cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: medium">
<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4>c. The <I>variable workspace</I>
window that displays the globally accessible variables and their
types.</FONT></FONT></P>
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</P>
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	<LI><P LANG="en-US" ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.05cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: medium">
	<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4>The ScalaLab's explorer which
	allows to browse conveniently the filesystem and to perform
	operations on files e.g. to edit, compile, run Java and Scala files.</FONT></FONT></P>
</OL>
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</P>
<P LANG="en-US" ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.05cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: medium">
<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4>e. The ScalaLab editor, is a
simple text editor that however assists by offering special
operations such as compiling and running Java/Scala files and
creating useful templates for Java and Scala applications that use
specialized libraries, e.g. the Efficient Java Matrix library, the
BioJava etc.</FONT></FONT></P>
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</P>
<P LANG="en-US" ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.05cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: medium">
<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4>f. The <I>Console output</I>
window that scrolls the results of the commands. In essence at the
output console the Java's System.out stream is redirected and thus
all the output can be conveniently examined.</FONT></FONT></P>
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<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4 STYLE="font-size: 16pt"><B>Basic 
Data Structures of ScalaLab</B></FONT></FONT></P>
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<BR><BR>
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<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4><B>1-D Double Arrays: </B><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium">The
</SPAN><I><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium">DoubleArr </SPAN></I><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium">object
actually wraps an Array[Double] of Scala or a double[] of Java.
However, it presents a large number of static methods to the
interpreter in order to facilitate the work of the user. Such methods
are:</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
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<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4><B>2-D Double Arrays:</B> The
<I>DoubleDoubleArr</I> object offers operations on two-dimensional
array of doubles, corresponding to the Scala type
Array[Array[Double]], and interroperable with the double[][] type of
Java. A large number of operations is supported on this class
although the syntax is not as elegant as the other classes. Actually,
all the routines described in the book &ldquo;A Numerical Library in
Java for Scientists and Engineers&rdquo; [11]</FONT></FONT></P>
<P LANG="en-US" ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.05cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: medium; text-decoration: none">
<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4>can be used, since 2D-Double Scala
arrays are also Java arrays.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P LANG="en-US" ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.05cm; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none">
<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4><B>Class Vec: </B><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium">This
class copes with one dimensional arrays of double numbers.</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
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<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4><B>Class Matrix: </B><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium">This
class implements 2-dimensional matrices based upon the NUMAL library.
These matrices are one-indexed, i.e. for an NXM matrix </SPAN><I><U><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium">myMat
</SPAN></U></I><SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal"><U><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium">we
index </SPAN></U></SPAN><I><U><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium">myMat(1:N,
1:M)</SPAN></U></I></FONT></FONT></P>
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<FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=2><FONT SIZE=4><B>Class Mat: </B></FONT><FONT SIZE=4><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium">This
class implements 2-dimensional matrices based upon libraries that can
be switched. We currently support tha JAMA (JAva MAtrix library), the
Efficient Java Matrix Library (EJML) and the Matrix Toolbox for Java
(MTJ). </SPAN></FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4><SPAN LANG="en-US"><SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium">These
matrices are zero-indexed, i.e. for an NXM matrix </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4><SPAN LANG="en-US"><I><U><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium">myMat
</SPAN></U></I></SPAN></FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4><SPAN LANG="en-US"><SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal"><U><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium">we
index </SPAN></U></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE=4><SPAN LANG="en-US"><I><U><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium">myMat(0:N-1,
0:M-1)</SPAN></U></I></SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
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